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A document or application is accessible if people with disabilities, such as mobility impairments, blindness, and low vision, can use it. Making PDFs accessible tends to benefit all users. For example, the document structure that enables a screen reader to read a PDF out loud also enables a mobile device to reflow and display the document on a small screen. Similarly, the preset tab order of an accessible PDF form helps all users, not just users with mobility impairments, fill the form more easily.

Accessibility features in Acrobat and Acrobat Reader fall into two broad categories. There are features to make the reading of PDF documents more accessible, and features to create accessible PDF documents.

Preferences and commands to optimize output for assistive software and devices, such as saving as accessible text for a braille printer. Preferences and commands to make navigation of PDFs more accessible, such as automatic scrolling and opening PDFs to the last page read. Accessibility Setup Assistant for easy setting of most preferences related to accessibility. Reflow capability to display PDF text in large type and to temporarily present a multicolumn PDF in a single, easy-to-read column.

Security setting that allows screen readers to access text while preventing users from copying, printing, editing, and extracting text. Acrobat Standard provides some functionality for making existing PDFs accessible. Acrobat Pro enables you to perform tasks, such as editing reading order, or editing document structure tags that are necessary to make some PDF documents and forms accessible.

Creating accessible PDF documents: www. A document that consists of scanned images of text is inherently inaccessible because the content of the document is images, not searchable text. Assistive software cannot read or extract the words, users cannot select or edit the text, and you cannot manipulate the PDF for accessibility. Convert the scanned images of text to searchable text using optical character recognition OCR before you can use other accessibility features with the document.

Screen readers cannot read document features such as images and interactive form fields unless they have associated alternate text. Screen readers can read web links; however, you can provide more meaningful descriptions as alternate text.

Alternate text and tool tips can aid many users, including users with learning disabilities. The fonts in an accessible PDF must contain enough information for Acrobat to extract all of the characters to text for purposes other than displaying text on the screen.

Acrobat also extracts characters to Unicode when you save as text for a braille printer. This extraction fails if Acrobat cannot determine how to map the font to Unicode characters. Document structure tags in a PDF define the reading order and identify headings, paragraphs, sections, tables, and other page elements.

Some PDFs contain forms that a person is to fill out using a computer. To be accessible, form fields must be interactive to let the user enter values into the form fields. Navigational aids in a PDF include links, bookmarks, headings, table of contents, and preset tab order for form fields.

Navigational aids assist users in understanding the document without reading completely through it. Bookmarks are especially useful and can be created from document headings.

Specifying the document language in a PDF enables some screen readers to switch to the appropriate language. Some PDF authors restrict users from printing, copying, extracting, adding comments, or editing text.

The text of an accessible PDF must be available to a screen reader. For more information about PDF accessibility, see www. Make sure that content is either included in the Tags tree or marked as an artifact. Then, select Create Artifact from the context menu.

Select the content, and then apply tags as necessary. Assign tags using the Tags panel. Elements that make the screen flicker, such as animations and scripts, can cause seizures in individuals who have photosensitive epilepsy.

These elements can also be difficult to see when the screen is magnified. If the Screen Flicker rule fails, manually remove or modify the script or content that causes screen flicker. See these related WCAG sections: 1. Level A. Content cannot be script-dependent unless both content and functionality are accessible to assistive technologies.

Make sure that scripting doesn't interfere with keyboard navigation or prevent the use of any input device. Check the scripts manually.

Remove or modify any script or content that compromises accessibility. Level A , 4. This rule check applies to documents that contain forms with JavaScript. If the rule check fails, make sure that the page does not require timed responses. Edit or remove scripts that impose timely user response so that users have enough time to read and use the content. The best way to create accessible links is with the Create Link command, which adds all three links that screen readers require to recognize a link.

Make sure that navigation links are not repetitive and that there is a way for users to skip over repetitive links. If this rule check fails, check navigation links manually and verify that the content does not have too many identical links. Also, provide a way for users to skip over items that appear multiple times.

For example, if the same links appear on each page of the document, also include a "Skip navigation" link. In an accessible PDF, all form fields are tagged and are a part of the document structure. In addition, you can use the tool tip form filed property to provide the user with information or to provide instructions.

Level A , 3. Screen readers don't read the alternate text for nested elements. Therefore, don't apply alternate text to nested elements. Make sure that alternate text is always an alternate representation for content on the page. If an element has alternate text, but does not contain any page content, there is no way to determine which page it is on. If the Screen Reader Option in the Reading preferences is not set to read the entire document, then screen readers never read the alternate text.

Alternate text can't hide an annotation. If an annotation is nested under a parent element with alternate text, then screen readers don't see it. This report checks for content, other than figures, that requires alternate text such as multimedia, annotation, or 3D model.

If an element has alternate text but does not contain any page content, there is no way to determine which page it is on. If the Screen Reader Options in the Reading preferences is not set to read the entire document, then screen readers don't read the alternate text. Because table structure can be complex, it is best practice to check them for accessibility manually. See Correct table tags with the Tags panel. Related WCAG section: 1. See related WCAG section: 1.

To be accessible, tables must contain the same number of columns in each row, and rows in each column. When this rule check fails, the structure of this list is incorrect. Level AA. The order of headings is not required under WCAG, and is only an advisory technique. Legal Notices Online Privacy Policy. User Guide Cancel. The simple, guided workflow lets you do the following: Make PDFs accessible : A predefined action automates many tasks, checks accessibility, and provides instructions for items that require manual fixes.

The Action Wizard toolset is displayed in the secondary toolbar. A list of available actions is displayed under the Action List in the right-hand pane. From the Actions List, click Make Accessible. Click Start. Follow the prompts to complete the Make Accessible action.

The Accessibility toolset is displayed in the secondary toolbar. The Accessibility Checker Options dialog box is displayed. Select a page range if you prefer to check individual pages of a document. Select one or more of the Checking Options. The report displays one of the following statuses for each rule check: Passed : The item is accessible. Verify the item manually. Failed : The item didn't pass the accessibility check. Use Read Out Loud to experience the document as readers who use the text-to-speech conversion tool experience it.

Save the document as accessible text and then read the saved text file in a word-processing application. This exercise enables you to emulate the end-user experience of readers who use a braille printer to read the document. Fix accessibility issues Acrobat Pro. Skip Rule:. Runs the checker again on all items. Choose this option after modifying one or more items. Displays a report with links to tips on how to repair failed checks.

Accessibility issues. Prevent security settings from interfering with screen readers. Or, fix accessibility permissions manually:. Image-only PDF. The Scan toolset is displayed in the secondary toolbar. Tagged PDF.

If this rule check fails, the document isn't tagged to specify the correct reading order. To specify tags manually, do one of the following: Enable tagging in the application in which the PDF was authored, and re-create the PDF.

The Add Tags Report appears in the navigation pane if there are any issues. The report lists potential problems by page, provides a navigational link to each problem, and provides suggestions for fixing them. For more information, see Reading Order tool overview. Open the Tags panel and create the tags tree manually. For more information, see Edit document structure with the Content and Tags panel.

Logical reading order. Document language. If the language doesn't appear in the drop-down list, you can enter the ISO code for the language in the Language field. This setting applies the primary language for the entire PDF.

Set the language for all text in a subtree of the tags tree. Open the Tags panel. Expand the Tags root and select an element.

Then choose Properties from the Options menu. Choose a language from the Language drop-down list. Set the language for a block of text by selecting the text element or container element in the Content panel. Then, right-click Windows or Ctrl-click Mac OS the text and choose Properties from the context menu and choose a language from the Language drop-down list. Reports whether there is a title in the Acrobat application title bar. Or, fix the title manually:. Enter a title in the Title text box.

Click OK to close the Description dialog box. Color contrast. Click Accessibility. Page content. Tagged content. Do one of the following to fix this rule check: Open the Content panel and right-click Windows or Ctrl-click Mac OS the content that you want to mark as an artifact.

Items such as comments, links, and annotations don't always appear in the Tags tree. To find these items, choose Find from the Options menu. Tagged annotations. Open the Content panel , and right-click Windows or Ctrl-click Mac OS the content that you want to mark as an artifact. Tab order. To manually fix the tab order for links, form fields, comments, and other annotations:. Repeat these steps for all thumbnails in the document. Character encoding. To ensure proper encoding, do the following: Verify that the necessary fonts are installed on your system.

Tagged multimedia. Screen flicker. Timed responses. Accessible links. Tagged form fields. Field descriptions. For accessibility, all form fields need a text description tool tip. To add a text description to a form field: Select one of the Form tools, and then right-click Windows or Ctrl-click Mac OS the form field. Choose Properties from the context menu. Click the General properties tab. Enter a description of the form field in the Tooltip field.

Alternate text. Figures alternate text. Make sure that images in the document either have alternate text or are marked as artifacts.

If this rule check fails, do one of the following: Select Figures Alternate Text in the Accessibility Checker panel, and choose Fix from the Options menu. Add alternate text as prompted in the Set Alternate Text dialog box.

Use the Tags panel to add alternate text for images in the PDF. Nested alternate text.